I think your point wasn’t just list of top selling bands or bands that have gotten the most radio play during the lifetime of the poster. The bands you included all defined their genre: The Beatles defined pop rock, The Rolling Stones defined R&B infused rock, Led Zeppelin defined metal and The Clash defined punk. The 3 bands people have put out as replacements to The Clash - The Who, Queen and Pink Floyd - all have much to recommend them but none of them really stands out as tastemaking pioneers in the way the bands you nominated did.
As to your question, there really isn’t a pantheon of great American bands that stand out in the way the preeminent British bands do. But if I had to make a list, mine would be The Ramones, CCR, Nirvana and The Beach Boys.