a prima facie example of making his body bigger. The ball misses his body completely but then hits his outstretched arm. Sure it wasn't outstretched at a perfect 90 angle to the body - maybe like a 45 degree angle by the time the ball hits it.

I'm thinking there is a plane that extends laterally with the body in it, and the line in question is within that plane. Well the Spain defender's arm was clearly behind that plane, but they were also outstretched. The arm clearly wasn't in close next to the body.

So then I guess its a matter of degree. 90 angle is widest extension. That ball hit him with the arm at like a 60 degree angle? or 45 degree angle?