Pathogens with incubation periods in the days range include Norovirus, campylobacter, salmonella, E. coli, listeria, botulism. As a reminder, incubation period is the time between exposure and symptoms.

Bacillus cereus is in the hours range.

In my opinion, when we get really sick in the middle of the night, we should more often look back at least 24 hours as the most likely culprit, rather than looking back to what we ate for dinner a few hours earlier.