The US kind of, sort of tries to mimic it. But, it doesn't really work at the same scale. The US would probably need 10-20x the number of viable, established pro franchises it has now to do an apples-to-apples comparison.
But, make no mistake, everybody would benefit if college soccer offered a bigger and better product. It would directly or indirectly facilitate better experiences and outcomes from the tiny rec leagues all the way up to MLS and the World Cup squads.